Understanding Warts: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Warts are common skin growths caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). While usually harmless, they can be unsightly and sometimes cause discomfort. Here’s a brief article to provide insights into warts:

Causes: Warts are caused by infection with HPV, a virus that enters the body through small cuts or breaks in the skin. There are various types of HPV, each responsible for different types of warts. Common warts (verruca vulgaris) typically occur on the hands and fingers, while plantar warts appear on the soles of the feet. Flat warts may develop on the face, legs, or other parts of the body.

Symptoms: The appearance of warts can vary depending on the type and location. Common warts often have a rough, cauliflower-like texture and may be gray, brown, or flesh-colored. Plantar warts may appear as small, rough lesions with tiny black dots (blood vessels) in the center, causing pain or discomfort when walking. Flat warts are usually smoother and smaller, with a flat-topped surface.

Treatment: Treatment for warts aims to remove the growth and prevent recurrence. This may include:

• Topical treatments such as salicylic acid or over-the-counter wart removers to gradually dissolve the wart tissue
• Cryotherapy (freezing) using liquid nitrogen to destroy the wart tissue
• Curettage (scraping) or laser therapy to physically remove the wart
• Immunotherapy injections such as candida antigen or interferon to stimulate the immune system and help clear the wart
• Prescription medications such as 5-FU, imiquimod or retinoids for resistant or recurrent warts

Prevention: Preventing the spread of warts involves minimizing exposure to HPV and practicing good hygiene. This may include:

• Avoiding direct contact with warts on other people or contaminated surfaces
• Keeping the skin clean and dry to reduce the risk of infection
• Avoiding picking or scratching at warts, as this can spread the virus to other areas of the body
• Using protective footwear in public areas such as swimming pools or locker rooms to reduce the risk of plantar wart infection

Conclusion: Warts are common skin growths caused by infection with HPV. While usually harmless, they can be unsightly and sometimes cause discomfort. Dermatologists play a key role in diagnosing and treating warts, offering personalized treatment plans tailored to the specific needs of each patient. If you have warts or have concerns about your skin condition, consulting a dermatologist can provide reassurance and guidance on appropriate management strategies.